The Dow Jones Industrial Average has been a cornerstone of financial markets for decades, but recent changes have brought a fresh twist. In 2020, companies like Salesforce, Amgen, and Honeywell joined the index, replacing ExxonMobil, Pfizer, and Raytheon Technologies. This trend continued in 2023, with Amazon and Nvidia replacing Walgreens Boots Alliance and Intel, respectively. These shifts reflect the Dow’s growing focus on technology, moving away from its traditional emphasis on dividend-paying value stocks.
With the Dow up 18.5% this year compared to the SPX500’s (the S&P 500 Index) 27.7% and Nasdaq-100’s 28.5% (as of now), many wonder if the Dow could take the lead in 2025. But its unique structure and stock composition might make this challenging.
Why Index Composition Matters
The way an index is structured has a big impact on its performance. The Dow is a price-weighted index, meaning the stock price determines a company’s influence. By contrast, the S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100 are market-cap weighted, where the total value of a company matters more.
For instance, Nvidia, one of the world’s largest companies by market cap, has a relatively smaller influence in the Dow because of its lower share price. Amazon faces a similar situation, despite its significant market presence.
Here’s how some top companies are weighted across these indexes:
| Company | Dow Jones | S&P 500 | Nasdaq-100 |
| Microsoft (MSFT) | 6.1% | 6.4% | 7.7% |
| Salesforce | 5% | 0.7% | N/A |
| Visa (V) | 4.2% | 1% | N/A |
| Apple (AAPL) | 3.3% | 7.2% | 8.7% |
| Amazon | 3% | 4% | 5.4% |
| Nvidia | 2% | 6.9% | 8.4% |
This data highlights that the Dow gives greater weight to certain companies, like Salesforce and Visa, compared to other indexes. However, it also leaves out some major players entirely, like Oracle, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) rather than Nasdaq.
What Would It Take for the Dow to Win?
For the Dow to outperform the S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100 in 2025, its top-weighted stocks would need to deliver exceptional returns. With only 30 companies in the index, each has a larger role to play in driving performance compared to the 503 companies in the S&P 500 or 101 in the Nasdaq-100.
Some Dow stocks have already shown strong results this year. For example:
- Goldman Sachs is up 55.5% year-to-date.
- Caterpillar has gained 33.6%.
- Home Depot is up 24.4%.
These performances showcase the Dow’s potential, but challenges remain. Historically, during bull markets, the Nasdaq-100 tends to outperform due to its heavy concentration in tech stocks. On the other hand, the Dow’s value-oriented composition often provides stability during market downturns.
Historical Performance of Major Indexes
Looking at the past decade, the Nasdaq-100 has generally outpaced the Dow during periods of strong market growth. For instance:
| Year | Nasdaq-100 | S&P 500 | Dow Jones |
| 2022 | -32.4% | -18.1% | -6.9% |
| 2023 | 55.1% | 26.3% | 16.2% |
The addition of Amazon and Nvidia might help the Dow close this gap in growth-driven years, but its unique structure could also hold it back.
Why Understanding Indexes Helps Investors
While tracking index performance can offer valuable insights, the real question for individual investors is: How do these changes align with your financial goals? Knowing how indexes are structured and what drives their movements can help you better understand market trends and make informed decisions.
For instance:
- The Dow’s strengths: Stability, a focus on legacy companies, and a balanced mix of industries.
- The Nasdaq-100’s strengths: High-growth potential, dominated by tech giants.
- The S&P 500’s strengths: Broad diversification, representing the overall market.
Final Thoughts
The Dow’s inclusion of Amazon and Nvidia signals a shift toward a more tech-driven focus, but its price-weighted structure and smaller roster of companies mean it will likely remain distinct from the S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100.
Understanding these differences can help you stay informed about market trends and make decisions that align with your goals. Ultimately, while index performance provides context, achieving financial success depends on building a portfolio that matches your interests and risk tolerance.
